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NIGERIAN GROUNDNUT SOUP
Chicken Groundnut Soup Recipe from Togo
Fish Parcels, Tripe and Tomato Sauce
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African Recipes
NIGERIAN GROUNDNUT SOUP
GROUNDNUT SOUP
serves 4
500g / llb assorted parts of meat (washed)
I medium smoked fish (washed)
225g / 8oz stockfish
225g / 8oz bushmeat (washed)
500g / 8oz roasted groundnuts
lpt stock or water
100g / 4oz ground crayfish
25g / loz iru (locust bean)
2 medium fresh tomatoes
100g / 4oz ground pepper
I onion
3 large pepper (tatase)
salt to taste
Place the washed meats in a large pot, add a drop of wa ter or stock, season with salt and ground pepper and boil for 30 minutes or until tender. Add the smoked fish and stockfish, cook for another l0 minutes. Add the rest of the stock. Bring to the boil and add the ground fresh tomatoes, onions, pepper, iru and groundnut. Cook for 20 minutes until the soup thickens. Sprinkle in ground crayfish and stir. Simmer for another 10 minutes. Check seasoning and serve hot with boiled rice.
Chicken Groundnut Soup Recipe from Togo
Chicken Groundnut Soup Recipe
Chicken Groundnut Soup is a traditional Togolese recipe for a classic stew of chicken and onions in a tomato-based sauce thickened with peanut butter. The full recipe is presented here and I hope you enjoy this classic Togolese version of: Chicken Groundnut Soup.
Ingredients:
1 chicken, cut into serving pieces, browned by frying and seasoned
1 large onion, chopped
2 fresh tomatoes, finely chopped
1 small tin tomato paste
1 Maggi cube
240g peanut butter
salt and pepper to taste
600ml water
Method:
Add the onion and water to a saucepan then add the peanut butter and tomato paste. Cook on gently heat until the oil form the peanut butter starts to come to the surface of the sauce. Add the chicken and cook for five minutes before adding the tomatoes and seasoning.
Stir over a gentle heat and cook for about 25 minutes, or until the chicken is tender.
Serve with FuFu.
Fish Parcels, Tripe and Tomato Sauce
This 2 recipes am going to share with you are South African recipes. Try them out, am positive you will enjoy it.
Fish Parcels
Banana leaves
4 x 180g fillet of fish
2 measures of dry sherry
1 small chilli, finely chopped
small bunch of coriander, finely chopped
8 thin slivers of ginger
4 tablespoons olive oil
Juice of 3 limes
Salt and pepper to season
Marinade fresh fillets with the above ingredients. Wrap each fillet individually in a banana leaf and secure with a skewer. Bake parcels over hot coals, turning once.
Tripe and Tomato Sauce
1.5 tripe, pre-cooked and cubed
5ml (1tsp) salt
15ml (1T) lemon juice
Tomato sauce:
60ml (4T) oil
1 onion, finely chopped
2 carrots, diced
2 stalks celery, finely chopped
1 x 115g can tomato paste
1 x 410g can chopped tomatoes
250ml (1 cup) dry wine
30ml (2T) sugar
Wash and rinse tripe thoroughly. Place in cold water, add salt and
lemon juice. Bring to boil and simmer gently for 2 hours or until tender.
To make sauce:
Heat oil and add remaining ingredients and simmer for
15 minutes. Drain tripe and add to tomato sauce.
Cook for a further 20 minutes.
Serve hot with samp or maize rice.
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Fun Advice
BRIEF HISTORY OF AFRICA
A BRIEF HISTORY OF AFRICA
ANCIENT AFRICA
Scientists believe that Africa was the birthplace of mankind. By 100,000 BC modern humans lived by hunting and gathering with stone tools. From Africa they spread to Europe.
By 5,000 farming had spread to North Africa. People herded cattle and they grew crops. At that time the Sahara Desert was not a desert. It was a green and fertile area. Gradually it grew drier and became a desert.
Meanwhile about 3,200 BC writing was invented in Northeast Africa, in Egypt. (It is sometimes forgotten that one of the world’s oldest and greatest civilizations was African). The Egyptians made tools and weapons of bronze. However by the time Egyptian civilization arose most of Africa was cut off from Egypt and other early civilizations by the Sahara Desert. Africa was also hampered by its lack of good harbors, which made transport by sea difficult.
Farmers in Africa continued to use stone tools and weapons however about 600 BC the use of iron spread in North Africa. It gradually spread south and by 500 AD iron tools and weapons had reached what is now South Africa.
In 814 BC the Phoenicians from what is now Lebanon founded the city of Carthage in Tunisia. Carthage later fought wars with Rome and in 202 BC the Romans defeated the Carthaginians at the battle of Zama. In 146 BC Rome destroyed the city of Carthage and made its territory part of their empire.
Meanwhile Egyptian influence spread along the Nile and the kingdoms of Nubia and Kush arose in what is now Sudan. By 100 AD the kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia was highly civilized. Axum traded with Rome, Arabia and India. Axum became Christian in the 4th century AD.
Meanwhile the Roman Empire continued to expand. In 30 BC Egypt became a province of Rome. Morocco was absorbed in 44 AD. However the rest of Africa was cut off from Rome by the Sahara Desert.
AFRICA IN THE MIDDLE AGES
In 642 the Arabs conquered Egypt. In 698-700 they took Tunis and Carthage and soon they controlled all of the coast of North Africa. The Arabs were Muslims, of course, and soon the whole coast of North Africa converted to Islam. Ethiopia remained Christian but it was cut off from Europe by the Muslims.
After 800 AD organized kingdoms emerged in northern Africa. They traded with the Arabs further north. (Trade with the Arabs led to the spread of Islam to other parts of Africa). Arab merchants brought luxury goods and salt. In return they purchased gold and slaves from the Africans.
One of the earliest African kingdoms was Ghana (It included parts of Mali and Mauritania as well as the modern country of Ghana). By the 9th century Ghana was called the land of gold. However Ghana was destroyed in the 11th century by Africans from further north.
By the 11th century the city of Ife in Southwest Nigeria was the capital of a great kingdom. From the 12th century craftsmen from Ife made terracotta sculptures and bronze heads. However by the 16th century Ife was declining.
Another African state was Benin. (The medieval kingdom of Benin was bigger than the modern country). From the 13th century Benin was rich and powerful.
Meanwhile the kingdom of Mali was founded in the 13th century. By the 14th century Mali was rich and powerful. Its cities included Timbuktu, which was a busy trading centre where salt, horses, gold and slaves were sold. However the kingdom of Mali was destroyed by Songhai in the 16th century.
Songhai was a kingdom situated east of Mali on the River Niger from the 14th century to the 16th century. Songhai reached a peak about 1500 AD. However in 1591 they were defeated by the Moroccans and their kingdom broke up.
Another great north African state was Kanem-Bornu, located near Lake Chad. Kanem-Bornu rose to prominence in the 9th century and it remained independent till the 19th century.
Meanwhile the Arabs also sailed down the east coast of Africa. Some of them settled there and they founded states such as Mogadishu. They also settled on Zanzibar.
Inland some people in southern Africa formed organised kingdoms. About 1430 impressive stone buildings were erected at Great Zimbabwe.
Meanwhile in the Middle Ages Ethiopia flourished. The famous church of St George was built about 1200.,/P>
Meanwhile the Portuguese were exploring the coast of Africa. In 1431 they reached the Azores. Then in 1445 they reached the mouth of the River Congo. Finally in 1488 the Portuguese sailed around the Cape of Good Hope.
AFRICA 1500-1800
In the 16th century Europeans began to transport African slaves across the Atlantic. However slavery was nothing new in Africa. For centuries Africans had sold other Africans to the Arabs as slaves. However the trans-Atlantic slave trade grew until it was huge.
In the 18th century ships from Britain took manufactured goods to Africa. They took slaves from there to the West Indies and took sugar back to Britain. This was called the Triangular Trade. (Many other European countries were involved in the slave trade).
Some Africans were sold into slavery because they had committed a crime. However many slaves were captured in raids by other Africans. Europeans were not allowed to travel inland to find slaves. Instead Africans brought slaves to the coast. Any slaves who were not sold were either killed or used as slaves by other Africans. The slave trade would have been impossible without the co-operation of Africans many of whom grew rich on the slave trade.
Meanwhile from the 16th to the 18th centuries Barbary pirates from the North African coast robbed Spanish and Portuguese ships.
In the 16th century a people called the Turks conquered most of the North African coast. In 1517 they captured Egypt and by 1556 most of the coast was in their hands.
Further south Africans continued to build powerful kingdoms. The empire of Kanem-Bornu expanded in the 16th century using guns bought from the Turks. However in the 16th century Ethiopia declined in power and importance although it survived.
Meanwhile the Europeans founded their first colonies in Africa. In the 16th century the Portuguese settled in Angola and Mozambique while in 1652 the Dutch founded a colony in South Africa.
MODERN AFRICA
In the 19th century European states tried to stop the slave trade. Britain banned the slave trade in 1807. On the other hand in the late 19th century Europeans colonized most of Africa!
In 1814 the British took the Dutch colony in South Africa. In 1830 the French invaded northern Algeria. However, colonization only became serious in the late 19th century when Europeans ‘carved up’ Africa. In 1884 the Germans took Namibia, Togo and Cameroon and in 1885 they took Tanzania. In 1885 Belgium took over what is now Democratic Republic of Congo. The French took Madagascar in 1896. They also expanded their empire in northern Africa. In 1912 they took Morocco and Italy took Libya. In 1914 the British took control of Egypt. By then all of Africa was in European hands except Liberia and Ethiopia. The Italians invaded Ethiopia in 1896 but they were defeated by the Ethiopians.
Further south the British took Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Uganda and Kenya. The British also took control of Egypt. Angola and Mozambique remained Portuguese.
However in the early 20th century attitudes to imperialism began to change in Europe. Furthermore in Africa churches provided schools and increasing numbers of Africans became educated. They became impatient for independence. The movement for African independence became unstoppable and in the late 1950s and 1960s most African countries became independent. In 1960 alone 17 countries gained their independence. However Mozambique and Angola did not become independent until 1975.
Yet the newly independent states were often failures. Many suffered civil wars and brutal dictators like Idi Amin. Today most of Africa remains very poor. One reason is corruption on a massive scale. Many African rulers bled their countries dry and made themselves very rich. Another reason is gross economic mismanagement. In the 1970s Socialist policies proved disastrous in countries like Zambia and Tanzania while in the 2000s Robert Mugabe wrecked the Zimbabwean economy.
Africa also suffered severely from the AIDs pandemic.
However it was not all bad news. Botswana is one African success story. Furthermore many African countries have now adopted market economies. With the right policies there is hope for Africa.
LIST OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES
The second largest continent in the world, after Asia, Africa covers approximately 6 percent of the Earth’s total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area. It is also the second most-populous continent, again after Asia, and is made up of 53 countries, including Madagascar and various island groups. Africa is the only continent on earth that stretches from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones. It is also the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the Earth’s exposed surface. In the following lines, we have listed the alphabetical list of African countries.
LIST OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Rep
* Chad
* Congo
* Dem. Rep. Congo (Zaire)
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea Bissau
* Guinea
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Reunion
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Principe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* Sudan
* Swaziland
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zanzibar
* Zimbabwe
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